The fashion industry, a cornerstone of the global economy, stands at a critical juncture as environmental degradation, resource exploitation, and social inequities linked to materials production demand urgent transformation. This chapter critically analyzes the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks in redefining sustainability across the fashion value chain, with a focused lens on materials sourcing, processing, and innovation. It confronts systemic challenges from water-intensive cotton farming and toxic chemical use to opaque supply chains and exploitative labor practices while spotlighting emerging solutions grounded in ESG principles. Through a synthesis of industry case studies, the chapter evaluates cutting-edge strategies such as closed-loop textile recycling, plant-based leather alternatives, and regenerative fiber farming, demonstrating their potential to mitigate ecological harm and enhance social equity. It further interrogates the interplay of policy mandates, investor pressures, and shifting consumer expectations in accelerating ESG adoption, emphasizing the gap between voluntary corporate commitments and tangible, scalable action. By bridging academic research and industry insights, the chapter proposes a roadmap for stakeholders to align materials production with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), advocating for cross-sector collaboration, traceability technologies, and equitable partnerships with marginalized producers. Ultimately, this work underscores those reimagining materials through an ESG lens is not merely a compliance exercise but a strategic imperative for a resilient, ethical, and decarbonized fashion future, a vision that harmonizes profitability with planetary stewardship. This chapter serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers committed to transforming the fashion industry from a linear, extractive model to a circular, just, and regenerative system.