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Chennai, located on the southeast coast of the Indian peninsula, experienced extreme rainfall on December 30, 2021, during the northeast monsoon season. This study conducted numerical simulations of this event using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model, employing a cloud-resolving high grid resolution of 1 km. Five simulations were performed to investigate the model’s sensitivity to cloud microphysics (CMP) parameterizations concerning heavy rainfall prediction. The model outcomes are compared with available India Meteorological Department (IMD) daily precipitation data generated using a merge of rain gauge data with Global Precipitation Monitor (GPM) (IMD merged GPM) and Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) data. The results revealed that microphysics significantly influenced rainfall simulation due to the variations in the different hydrometeor mixing ratios. The Thompson scheme notably captured the location of maximum rainfall, time of occurrence, and spatial distribution in good agreement with observations. Conversely, all other four schemes predicted the event with lesser intensity and at different regions. These findings suggest that the Thompson microphysics scheme effectively captured the time evolution of different hydrometeors, thereby producing the observed pattern of spatially and temporally intense precipitation over Chennai.

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Study of Extreme Rainfall Event in Chennai on 30 December 2021 Using High-Resolution WRF Simulation and DWR Observations

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • M. Haritha,
  • C. V. Srinivas,
  • Vidya Sundararajan,
  • B. Venkatraman

摘要

Chennai, located on the southeast coast of the Indian peninsula, experienced extreme rainfall on December 30, 2021, during the northeast monsoon season. This study conducted numerical simulations of this event using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model, employing a cloud-resolving high grid resolution of 1 km. Five simulations were performed to investigate the model’s sensitivity to cloud microphysics (CMP) parameterizations concerning heavy rainfall prediction. The model outcomes are compared with available India Meteorological Department (IMD) daily precipitation data generated using a merge of rain gauge data with Global Precipitation Monitor (GPM) (IMD merged GPM) and Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) data. The results revealed that microphysics significantly influenced rainfall simulation due to the variations in the different hydrometeor mixing ratios. The Thompson scheme notably captured the location of maximum rainfall, time of occurrence, and spatial distribution in good agreement with observations. Conversely, all other four schemes predicted the event with lesser intensity and at different regions. These findings suggest that the Thompson microphysics scheme effectively captured the time evolution of different hydrometeors, thereby producing the observed pattern of spatially and temporally intense precipitation over Chennai.