This chapter reviews Xi Jinping’s strategic think and practices in foreign policy. A key question is whether the making of foreign policy under Xi’s political leadership is more driven by ideology or development. The answer proposed here is that Xi’s diplomatic style consistently places more emphasis on security and development than on ideology. On the one hand, the making of China’s foreign policy under Xi’s leadership is characterized by the initiation of a three-pronged grand strategy, which consists of management of great power relationship with the United States, peripheral diplomacy, and Belt and Road Initiative. However, on the other hand, Xi’s grand strategy aimed less at altering the Liberal International Order, than at supplementing deficit of international public goods caused by the withdrawal of the United States from global commitments under the Trump administration. Although Xi Jinping has been less concessionary to the United States compared to Hu Jintao and he invested considerably more strategic resources in BRICS and the global South, these moves were driven by calculus over China’s domestic needs to sustain growth and modernization, rather than high-minded ideology.