Optimization of Integrated Energy System Based on Demand Response with P2G-CCS-HFC Synergy

Against the backdrop of the global energy structure transition, the decarbonization and economic optimization of Integrated Energy Systems (IES) have become key research directions. To further enhance the carbon-reduced and economic efficiency of IES, this study proposes a demand-response-based IES optimal dispatch model constrained by stepwise carbon trading. The model couples Power-to-Gas and Carbon Capture and Storage (P2G-CCS) technology with Hydrogen Fuel Cells (HFC) and introduces the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to enhance the system’s flexibility in heat and electricity. On the demand side, transferable and substitutable load models are introduced, combined with demand response across both horizontal and vertical dimensions mechanisms, to construct a mixed-integer linear programming model designed to minimize the overall operational cost. The model is validated through simulation using MATLAB/YALMIP and the Cplex solver. The results show that this method can significantly enhance the system’s capacity to integrate wind and solar energy, reduce operating costs and carbon emission levels, and provide a solution for the decarbonization and economic optimization of integrated energy systems.