Optimization Method for User-Side Energy Storage Frequency Regulation Submission Capacity Based on PJM Market Rules

Against the backdrop of accelerating high-penetration renewable energy integration into new-type power systems, new energy storage systems have emerged as efficient flexible regulation resources through their rapid power response characteristics and energy time-shifting capabilities, being widely employed to alleviate renewable energy accommodation pressures. However, current energy storage systems still face substantial investment costs and suboptimal utilization rates, necessitating active exploration of operational strategies for storage participation in diversified services to expand revenue streams. This paper innovatively proposes an optimization method of energy storage frequency modulation capacity based on PJM market mechanism. The innovation lies in considering the user-side energy storage frequency modulation capacity benefit, frequency modulation mileage benefit, electricity cost, and battery degradation cost to determine the intra-day frequency modulation submission capacity.