Caustic Field Reconstruction and Energy Harvesting Optimization in Enclosed Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

Under the strategic drive of the “Dual Carbon” initiative, the caustic effects of solar radiation in enclosed building-integrated photovoltaic systems have become a core challenge constraining photovoltaic energy efficiency. To address the complex distribution of caustic surfaces caused by multiple reflections at enclosed interfaces, this study integrates geometric optics with computational building physics methods to systematically investigate the generation mechanisms of caustic surfaces and their regulatory effects on solar radiation energy distribution. A dynamic mapping model between architectural interface morphology parameters and caustic line distribution is established through differential geometry theory, revealing the nonlinear propagation characteristics of solar radiation in enclosed spaces. A simulation platform coupling ray tracing and radiosity algorithms is constructed to achieve three-dimensional caustic light field reconstruction. Finally, a radiance prediction system for caustic surfaces is developed, and photovoltaic component layout optimization strategies are proposed, providing precise optical regulation principles for enclosed BIPV design and significantly improving solar energy harvesting efficiency and system stability in high-density urban environments.