As a critical nexus in international trade and logistics systems, the strategic position of ports is becoming increasingly significant. This study focuses on exploring the current development status, challenges faced, and future development trends of port enterprises in China. It first delves into the latest achievements of port enterprises in areas such as infrastructure upgrading and the construction of smart ports. Furthermore, this research emphasizes how port enterprises adapt flexibly and strengthen risk management mechanisms to ensure long-term sustainable development. The final conclusion points out that domestic port enterprises need to continuously strengthen international cooperation to promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. Simultaneously, these enterprises should be driven by innovation to guide themselves towards a stage of high-quality development, thereby contributing positively to the prosperity of global trade.