This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the current development status, market environment, economic conditions, and challenges and opportunities facing China's civil aviation enterprises. It highlights that after years of development, China's civil aviation industry has become one of the nation's vital strategic sectors, playing an irreplaceable role in driving economic growth and facilitating international exchanges. However, aviation enterprises also confront challenges such as oil price volatility and safety incidents. The article particularly emphasises the application of digital transformation and artificial intelligence technologies within the civil aviation sector, alongside the development potential in areas such as green transition and general aviation. Moving forward, China’s civil aviation enterprises must seize opportunities arising from technological innovation, growing market demand, and policy support to achieve high-quality development, thereby establishing China as a leading aviation power.