Cyber-Physical and Human Systems: A Review of Concept, Terminology, and Human Roles

The revolution of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in the twenty-first century and their increasing interaction with humans have given rise to a new paradigm of intelligent systems known as Cyber-Physical and Human Systems (CPHS), in which human involvement is of central significance. Understanding these systems is essential for developing more sophisticated and human-centred systems across a wide range of applications, including manufacturing. CPHS is a multidisciplinary and multidimensional field that has generated varied terminologies and interrelated concepts in the literature, posing challenges to achieving a unified understanding. Moreover, designing, managing, and improving these systems present engineering managers with novel questions about their functional mechanisms and human roles. This chapter makes several contributions. First, we delve into CPHS originality, terminology, and related concepts to provide a shared understanding. Next, we examine CPHS applications in production systems and then we discussed about human roles in CPHS.