This book rigorously examines the multifaceted effects of high-speed rail (HSR) on the spatiotemporal economic patterns of China, creating an extensive study framework that includes theoretical mechanism analysis, empirical validation, and policy recommendations. The study initially amalgamates geographical, economic, and sociological viewpoints, positing that HSR transforms regional economic frameworks via three principal mechanisms: the ‘spatio-temporal convergence effect,’ ‘agglomeration externalities,’ and ‘network externalities.’ This book delineates the evolutionary trajectory of China’s HSR network from the 1980s to the present, highlighting a core-periphery pattern marked by ‘eastern density and central-western catch-up’ in its spatial distribution. The book employed variables like weighted average travel time (WATT) and weighted degree centrality (WDC) to statistically evaluate the improvement of accessibility and connectivity due to HSR. Results demonstrate that its influence adheres to a spatio-temporal evolution pattern characterized by ‘initial differentiation followed by convergence.’ Subsequently, this analysis employs the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (GTWR) model to reveal substantial spatio-temporal variation in the impacts of HSR on economic growth, industrial agglomeration, tourism revenue, and enterprise dispersion. Specifically, central and western regions and smaller cities exhibit a pronounced ‘catch-up effect’, while large eastern cities demonstrate diminishing marginal returns. Ultimately, the report advocates for the formulation of varied HSR development strategies tailored to regional differences, emphasizing a balanced network configuration, multimodal transport coordination, and regional integration. Consequently, the ensuing conclusions and projections are delineated: