The following reflections are intended to be practical frames for discussion among policymakers and system leaders. Each reflection is followed by a possible result. Although the reflections are presented as a sequence of steps, different sequences may suit different contexts. Many countries have already adopted competency-based curricula and may now be seeking ways to improve an existing approach with a few modifications. Other countries may be seeking to revise a national curriculum based on a new approach in which transversal competencies play a central role. In both cases, the steps may help policymakers and system leaders to think about the kinds of outputs that might help to create a coherent and communicable approach.