Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) is an additive fabrication technology that employs high-power lasers as energy sources for material fusion, offering innovative solutions for producing complex structural components with tailored material mechanical properties [1, 2]. Compared to conventional deposition techniques (e.g., arc welding and plasma spraying), LAM demonstrates superior advantages in process optimization and final product quality, characterized by smaller heat-affected zones (HAZ), reduced thermal deformation, lower dilution, and enhanced control over surface quality or geometric accuracy [3–5].