As one of the representatives of ancient civilization, bronze wares show important historical and archaeological research value. The excavated bronzes were usually incomplete and need to be repaired and reinforced. The accelerated corrosion also occurred for the rapidly environmental changes. However, epoxy resin acts as the common binder and reinforcer, its long-term anti-corrosion property should be improved. In this work, the bronze samples were prepared by the electroplating method and forced corrosion in the simulated soil solution, which are corresponded to the composition of bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty time. The hybrid material of CeO2-QDs/EP was synthesized by adding CeO2 quantum dots (CeO2-QDs) to epoxy resin (EP), and then sprayed onto the corroded bronzes. The content of CeO2-QDs was optimized to 4% by the hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance tests, illustrating the anti-corrosion property of epoxy resin was enhanced by CeO2-QDs. Moreover, in the electrochemical forced corrosion tests with different pH values, the corrosion current of the CeO2-QDs/EP hybrid material was found to be reduced by 4–5 orders of magnitude compared to that of pure EP. This substantial reduction in corrosion current indicates the superior anti-corrosion performance and stable passivation effect of the CeO2-QDs/EP hybrid material.