Competitions in international scientific and technological innovation have continuously increased the importance and influence of research and education in fundamental disciplines such as mathematics. This has made the cultivation of high-level talent in mathematics greatly significant. By reviewing the talent cultivation experiences of mathematical powers like the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, it is evident that cultivating high-level talent in mathematics requires a multi-pronged approach. It is necessary to combine international experiences with Chinese local characteristics in order to carry out talent cultivation work in China. After elaborating on the features of mathematics at Peking University in aspects including culture and inheritance, and proposing new measures for talent cultivation and constructing different training models based on the varied characteristics of pure mathematics and applied mathematics, and considering the current situation in China, this article puts forward several suggestions for high-level talent cultivation: a suitable environment and atmosphere should be constructed, sustained support at the national level should be provided, and unified talent assessment standards should be formulated.