The valorization of wastewater-grown microalgae biomass presents a sustainable approach to resource recovery while addressing wastewater treatment challenges. Microalgae effectively assimilate nutrients and pollutants from wastewater, converting them into valuable biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These biomolecules serve as precursors for diverse value-added products, including biofuels, bioplastics, pharmaceuticals, animal feed, and biofertilizers. Integrating advanced biorefinery technologies, such as hydrothermal liquefaction, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, enhances biomass conversion efficiency and economic feasibility. However, challenges such as biomass harvesting, processing costs, and potential contaminants in wastewater-grown microalgae must be addressed for large-scale application. This chapter explores the potential of wastewater-grown microalgae for bioproduct development, highlighting recent technological advancements, sustainability aspects, and future research directions.