Urologic malignancies represent a significant global cancer burden and require a multidisciplinary approach integrating surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation oncology. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary urologic oncology, with a focused emphasis on the role of radiation therapy across disease sites, including prostate, bladder, kidney, testicular, and penile cancers. Advances in imaging, risk stratification, and molecular profiling have refined patient selection and treatment personalization. The chapter discusses the role of modern treatment approaches highlighting their indications, outcomes, and toxicity profiles. The integration of radiation therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and immunotherapy is reviewed in both curative and palliative settings. Special consideration is given to organ preservation, quality of life, and survivorship issues. This chapter aims to provide cancer professionals with an evidence-based, clinically relevant framework for optimizing the management of urologic cancers in contemporary practice.