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Nanotechnology is the science of designing and developing nanoparticles that can be used for early detection and effective management of cancer. Nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs have highly enhanced targeting and efficacy, which can be used as nanocarriers for advanced cancer therapy. Additionally, enzymes serve as important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, with key enzymes such as urokinase plasminogen activator, cathepsin, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-bright (ALDH1 (br)), and hexokinase being utilized as prognostic indicators for various types of cancer. Nanoparticles have four components: core, linker, hydrophilic crown, and targeting ligand. Modifications in these components help enhance the mechanism of the nanoparticles, which in turn improves their therapeutic potential. The primary mechanism of these particles involves attaching to the drug’s surface, thereby carrying the drug to specific target areas in the body like tumor sites. There are two main strategies for nanoparticle drug delivery: passive targeting and active targeting. In passive targeting, the nanoparticles accumulate in the tumor tissues due to their unique environment, while in active targeting, the nanoparticles bind to a ligand, which then goes and binds to the receptors on these cancer cells, ensuring that the drug is delivered precisely to the tumor site. To overcome the hurdles of conventional therapies, nanotechnology can be utilized to enable targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. For instance, it improves efficacy as well as radio sensitization of radiotherapy, optimizes the regulation of the immune system while implementing immunotherapy, prevents the death of neighboring healthy cells in photothermal therapy, enhances the stability, immunogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy in cancer vaccines, and reduces toxicity in gene therapy. Therefore, using nanoparticle delivery systems to treat cancer is a potential strategy to address drug delivery issues, increase overall treatment efficacy, and provide more precise, targeted, controlled drug release.

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Nanotechnology in Targeting Enzymes in Cancer Therapy

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Lenora Katherine Crasto,
  • Feby V. Biju,
  • Santosha Vooradi,
  • Uday Venkat Mateti,
  • Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli Muguregowda

摘要

Nanotechnology is the science of designing and developing nanoparticles that can be used for early detection and effective management of cancer. Nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs have highly enhanced targeting and efficacy, which can be used as nanocarriers for advanced cancer therapy. Additionally, enzymes serve as important biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, with key enzymes such as urokinase plasminogen activator, cathepsin, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-bright (ALDH1 (br)), and hexokinase being utilized as prognostic indicators for various types of cancer. Nanoparticles have four components: core, linker, hydrophilic crown, and targeting ligand. Modifications in these components help enhance the mechanism of the nanoparticles, which in turn improves their therapeutic potential. The primary mechanism of these particles involves attaching to the drug’s surface, thereby carrying the drug to specific target areas in the body like tumor sites. There are two main strategies for nanoparticle drug delivery: passive targeting and active targeting. In passive targeting, the nanoparticles accumulate in the tumor tissues due to their unique environment, while in active targeting, the nanoparticles bind to a ligand, which then goes and binds to the receptors on these cancer cells, ensuring that the drug is delivered precisely to the tumor site. To overcome the hurdles of conventional therapies, nanotechnology can be utilized to enable targeted drug delivery to cancer cells. For instance, it improves efficacy as well as radio sensitization of radiotherapy, optimizes the regulation of the immune system while implementing immunotherapy, prevents the death of neighboring healthy cells in photothermal therapy, enhances the stability, immunogenicity, and therapeutic efficacy in cancer vaccines, and reduces toxicity in gene therapy. Therefore, using nanoparticle delivery systems to treat cancer is a potential strategy to address drug delivery issues, increase overall treatment efficacy, and provide more precise, targeted, controlled drug release.