Household wealth is a key measure of a country’s economic competitiveness and individual income level. The distribution of wealth is key to the evaluation of social equity in a country. On the basis of literature review, this paper examines the definition of wealth, data sources, and methodology in previous studies on wealth distribution in China and responds to the estimation results and some arguments on wealth inequality in China. Furthermore, it summarizes the key issues and challenges that exist in the estimation of wealth inequality in previous studies and puts forward suggestions for future research.