The increased accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment, primarily caused by human activities, reduces crop productivity, exacerbates environmental contamination, and poses risks to human health. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, nanomaterials (NMs) hold great potential for enhancing crop production and remediating soils contaminated with heavy metals. NM can mitigate HM toxicity in plants by reducing oxidative damage in plants through the activation of plant defense systems, which include the stimulation of antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolite production. In addition, nanoparticles facilitate the immobilization of heavy metals through various physicochemical mechanisms that reduce their bioavailability and toxicity. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully employed as nanofertilizers in food crops under HM stress, with most studies focusing on cereals, particularly rice, wheat, and corn. Beneficial microorganisms, such as plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), have also been applied together with nanoparticles to ameliorate HM-induced stress and improve crop productivity. Moreover, nanoparticles have been employed in the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Remarkably, remediation strategies that combined all three components (nanoparticles, hyperaccumulating plants, and PGPR), nPB-remediation, were reported more frequently than individual or dual nanoremediation approaches (NP, NP-plant, or NP-PGPR). This trend reflects the enhanced efficiency of nPB remediation due to the synergic effects of the combined treatments. The most commonly studied contaminants were Cd, Cr, Pb, As, and Cu, whereas Zn- and Fe-based nanoparticles were predominantly employed in fertilization and remediation applications. In conclusion, NP-based strategies represent a highly efficient and sustainable approach for both crop cultivation and remediation in heavy-metal-contaminated soils.