Future research on Catharanthus plants-derived drugs should focus on enhancing the key alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) yield and purity, which is crucial in cancer treatment. Advanced biotechnological approaches, including metabolic engineering, CRISPR gene editing, and synthetic biology, can optimize alkaloid biosynthesis in plant or microbial systems. Exploring plant’s lesser-known compounds may reveal new pharmacological properties. Clinical trials should evaluate the efficacy and safety of novel formulations and delivery systems, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, to improve bioavailability and reduce side effects. Continued investment in research will help in fully realize the therapeutic potential of Catharanthus in modern medicine.