Vincristine and vinblastine are notable success stories in the development of anticancer compounds, derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (C. roseus). Discovered in the 1950s, these alkaloids demonstrated potent anticancer activity and in recent few year became essential components in chemotherapy regimens. Vincristine is primarily used to treat leukemia, lymphoma, and pediatric cancers, while vinblastine is effective against Hodgkin’s lymphoma, breast cancer, and testicular cancer. Their mechanisms involve disrupting microtubule formation, halting cell division. Extensive toxicological evaluations and clinical trials confirmed their efficacy and safety. Today, they remain widely used, highlighting the value of natural products in cancer drug discovery development programmes.