Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the upper extremity, although uncommon, represents a serious complication following joint arthroplasty. The increasing utilisation of shoulder and elbow replacements has correspondingly elevated the incidence of infection. Distinct anatomical and microbiological characteristics of upper limb joints necessitate a management approach differing from lower limb PJI. Reported infection rates range from approximately 0.8–1.4% for shoulder arthroplasty and around 1.5% for elbow arthroplasty. PJI may arise from intraoperative contamination, contiguous spread from adjacent tissues, or haematogenous dissemination. Treatment options include one- or two-stage reimplantation, debridement with prosthesis retention, or resection arthroplasty, though evidence remains limited. Further research is warranted to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for upper limb PJI.