This chapter lays a descriptive foundation for analyzing life satisfaction determinants within urban residential contexts, focusing on Guangzhou, China. Its primary objective is to characterize the socioeconomic attributes of the sampled population, evaluate the distribution and normality of key variables—including life satisfaction, perceived built environment quality, objective built environment metrics, social capital, and self-rated health—and preliminarily examine community-level variations in life satisfaction. Section 7.1 analyzes the socioeconomic composition of the valid samples (N = 572), highlighting representativeness in gender, income, and housing conditions relative to official census data. Section 7.2 delves into the measurement and normative properties of core constructs: life satisfaction (using the Satisfaction with Life Scale), subjective built environment perceptions (diverse convenience, traffic convenience, aesthetic perception, and perceived safety), objective built environment indicators (density, diversity, design, transit accessibility, and destination accessibility), social capital, and self-rated health. Rigorous normality checks (skewness and kurtosis thresholds) confirm suitability for parametric analyses. Community-level life satisfaction is further explored, revealing significant inter-community variation despite no notable differences across housing construction eras. By systematically documenting variable distributions and initial patterns, this chapter provides a critical empirical groundwork for subsequent multivariate analyses, underscoring the nuanced roles of both subjective and objective environmental factors in shaping urban residents’ well-being.