This chapter describes the evolution of Outcome-Based Education (OBE) and its significant role in transforming the structure and practices of higher education systems. It begins by comparing traditional teaching methods—focused on lectures, fixed schedules, and memorization—with a more student-centered approach that emphasizes practical skills and measurable outcomes. This shift laid the foundation for Competency-Based Education (CBE). The chapter explains how OBE aligns with international education standards and meets the accreditation bodies’ requirements, thereby ensuring its global relevance. It also outlines key milestones in the worldwide adoption of OBE. Key elements of OBE are covered, including the definition of learning goals like Program Educational Objectives (PEOs), Program Outcomes (POs), and Course Outcomes (COs). It also discusses assessment methods—both direct and indirect—and the role of continuous quality improvement through feedback. OBE helps institutions design courses that focus on what students are expected to do with their knowledge, making learning more practical and measurable. Finally, the chapter examines how technology, particularly artificial intelligence (AI), is poised to enhance and automate OBE systems. This preview sets the stage for deeper discussions in the rest of the book.