Manipulating atoms and molecules to make materials with incredibly small dimensions, such as nanoparticles that range in size from 1 to 100 nm, is the exciting topic of nanotechnology. Despite being relatively young, nanoscience and nanotechnology are developing quickly and continuously producing new findings. About 20–40% of crop losses occur each year as a result of certain pests as well as diseases. Currently, toxic pesticides are the main tool used to control plant diseases, and they are very toxic for environment. Nanotechnology, by using variously synthesized nanoparticles, presents a promising answer to these problems. These nanoparticles can be used as a useful tool to transfer genetic material to plants, possibly producing crops that are resistant to illness, and are also useful in controlling plant diseases. The review emphasizes the various ways that nanoparticles can improve crop resilience to disease as well as their ability to act as genetic material carriers. Nanoparticles have been utilized as bio-agents to many plant pathogens (virus, fungi and bacteria) and are directly used to manage infections. The review investigates the ways in which nanoparticles can improve plant resistance to stressors and increase plant responses to pathogen attacks. Along with summarizing recent developments in the implementation of nanomaterials for disease treatment and plant health monitoring, it also addresses the methods by which plant diseases are opposed by nanoparticles. The article also discusses the function of nanosensors in observation of plant health and the way in which nanoparticles might boost plant immunity by triggering a variety of defense processes.