In the past, excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture has led to biodiversity loss, environmental contamination, and the establishment of resistance in agricultural pathogens and pests. Nano bio-based materials, namely polymeric ones, have been utilized in crop protection and food packaging due to their size-dependent properties and safe nature. Biopolymer-based nanoparticles have the potential to significantly contribute to promoting plant development, effectively managing pests and diseases, safeguarding against phytopathogens, and so improving food production, food security, and food safety. In addition, polymeric nanoparticles are currently being used in the food sector, regardless of the fact that laws for their use have not been fully defined. This is because any new system, especially in its early stages, is likely to encounter certain difficulties. Nevertheless, ongoing research is anticipated to enhance sensitivity, chemical release, carrier modification, and biocompatibility, hence facilitating improvements in the quality of food products in terms of taste, flavor, texture, and freshness. Currently, there are various efforts underway worldwide to develop the nanoformulations employing biopolymer-based nanomaterials as agrochemicals. This technique aims to protect crop plants from harmful infections in an environmentally acceptable manner. Consequently, the advent of nanotechnology in the food business has led to several alterations in areas like as packaging, preservation, and processing. These modifications have greatly extended the duration for which food may be stored, enhanced the ability to identify early signs of food spoiling, and facilitated effective management practices that permit the prolongation of food freshness and shelf life. Additionally, they can also be utilized to optimize the distribution of food supplies within the supply food chain.