Aiming at the problem that the surrounding rock parameters of large underground cavern group are affected by construction disturbance and environmental evolution, dynamic inversion of surrounding rock parameters and feasibility analysis of supporting role are carried out. The parameters to be inverted are screened by sensitivity analysis, and the dynamic inversion is carried out by combining uniform design theory and intelligent algorithm to obtain the mechanical parameters of surrounding rock in accordance with the reality. The results show that the displacement value calculated by the inversion parameters is more consistent with the measured value, the inversion parameters are used in the analysis of the supporting role, the systematic support measures can effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, the range of the plastic zone is reduced, the stress state is improved, and the support scheme is safe and feasible.