As an emerging energy infrastructure, whether the operation of hydrogen refueling stations is safe enough has been a matter of great concern to the government and the public. Hydrogen safety is a prerequisite for the application and commercialization of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen is a flammable gas characterized by low density, rapid diffusion, and a wide range of combustion and explosion. According to the analysis results of several foreign hydrogen refueling station explosion accidents, hydrogen leakage is the direct cause. At present, hydrogen leakage monitoring at hydrogen refueling stations mainly relies on manual scheduled routine inspections, which inevitably has problems such as inability to fully perceive the safety status of the entire station, inability to quickly locate risk points, inability to analyze abnormal data and to warn in advance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a complete and mature safety monitoring system to provide real-time feedback on the safety status of hydrogen refueling stations and give out prompt risk alarms. In recent years, although a number of companies have been engaged in the research of the hydrogen refueling station safety monitoring system, to this day, however, no mature detection solution has come out. In view of this, based on hydrogen refueling stations, this article analyzes six main risks and proposes corresponding key monitoring parameters, for the purpose of providing data references for the designing of a safety monitoring system for hydrogen refueling stations.