This chapter examines the varied aspects of China’s energy relations with the South Asian nations, excluding Pakistan, which tends to overshadow the rest of the South Asian region whenever the topic is discussed. This study argues that two-fold compulsions are driving China’s energy policy: to diversify its energy supply sources and expand its market share through industrial manufacturing, as well as to increase its geopolitical presence in a geo-strategic region. This collaboration is typically situated within the broader framework of the BRI, which focuses on infrastructure investment, specifically in power generation including coal, hydropower, and renewable energy and transmission. In the case of South Asian countries, this collaboration aims to close the perennial energy gaps, promote economic growth, and intensify ties. Research techniques commonly employed when investigating this phenomenon include qualitative case analysis of specific energy projects, comprehensive analysis of investment information, and review of governmental policy documentation by the Chinese and South Asian governments. The study findings show that Chinese energy investments have not only significantly enhanced the capacity to generate power and improve power infrastructure in countries such as Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, but they have also led to concerns about unsustainable debts accrued, environmental damage, and the resultant economic dependency. In Nepal, all they have been doing is collaborating on hydropower, whereas in Afghanistan, energy transactions are being initiated amid complicated politics. Generally, China’s energy presence is transforming the energy landscapes and power dynamics in the entire region, posing both challenges and opportunities for growth, stability, and sovereignty, as well as environmental sustainability, in these South Asian countries.