The agricultural sector plays a critical role in feeding the global population, but its reliance on synthetic fertilizers has contributed to environmental degradation, soil depletion, and greenhouse gas emissions. As the demand for sustainable practices grows, eco-friendly fertilizers are emerging as vital tools for promoting agricultural productivity while preserving the environment. In the quest for sustainable agriculture, eco-friendly fertilizers have emerged as crucial alternatives to synthetic fertilizers. Understanding the biological processes involved in soil health and plant nutrition can help us understand the role of these organic fertilizers in promoting a greener farming system. This review explores the potential of eco-friendly fertilizers to increase soil health, reduce environmental impact, and contribute to long-term agricultural sustainability.