Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.), a native plant of the Amazon River basin, has garnered significant global scientific interest due to its rich nutritional profile and diverse array of bioactive compounds. Its seeds are recognized as a “superfood” containing high-quality proteins, essential omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. These components contribute to multiple health benefits, including cardiovascular protection, cholesterol reduction, immune system enhancement, reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and improved skin and hair health. The seeds contain 27 g of protein and 40 g of fats per 100 g. Beyond health applications, sacha inchi is also valuable in the food and cosmetic industries. Its oil is widely utilized in the cosmetic industry for antiaging formulations due to its high vitamin E and polyunsaturated fat content. In the pharmaceutical industry, sacha inchi oil is being explored for its antidiabetic properties and as a dietary supplement. In the food industry, sacha inchi is used in flour to produce biscuits, granola bars, and functional beverages. Its protein concentrate has been shown to enhance the texture and shelf life of meat products such as sausages. Environmentally, sacha inchi shell biomass effectively adsorbs heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cu2+), its waste converts to high-value organic fertilizer, and its oil shows promise as a biodiesel blendstock due to low crystallization temperature. This chapter presents the current knowledge on sacha inchi’s health-promoting compounds, industrial applications, and sustainable environmental uses, highlighting its potential across food, pharma, cosmetic, and green technology sectors.