Underutilized seeds represent an invaluable yet overlooked resource for advancing global health, sustainable industries, and environmental resilience. This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book, which explores ten promising seeds-Artocarpus, avocado, bambara groundnut, Karanja, lotus, lychee, passion fruit, roselle, sacha inchi, and teff. Despite their historical use in indigenous food systems, these seeds remain underrepresented in mainstream research, trade, and policy. The chapter outlines the systematic structure followed throughout the book, including their botanical and cultural context, nutritional properties, innovations in processing, clinical and industrial applications, and their role in the circular economy and sustainable development. By synthesizing global perspectives, environmental impacts, and future opportunities, this book highlights the transformative potential of underutilized seeds in addressing pressing challenges related to food security, climate change, and circular economy practices.