Computational understanding of visual Shitsukan, i.e., understanding the nuanced looks and feels of objects and scenes from their images, is a challenging task that goes to the very heart of computer vision. This chapter reviews the foundations of appearance modeling, the sub-discipline in computer vision centered on the analytical and image-based representations of the radiometric properties of real-world surfaces, namely its geometry, reflectance, and illumination. We particularly focus on the modeling of light reflection at a surface point, the estimation of the radiometric ingredients that participate in it, and also the recognition of the traces of materials that quietly dictate such light interaction, all from images. We then introduce our recent work on each of these fundamental topics of computer vision which collectively advance the frontier of computational visual Shitsukan perception.