Aerial seeding using airplanes is an effective method for large-scale greening because it is quick, low-cost, and requires little labor (Fig. 15.1). However, the effectiveness depends largely on weather conditions and location (Wei et al. 2000). Aerial seeding in the Mu Us Sandy Land began in the late 1950s, and large-scale seeding projects were implemented from 1983 to 1995, during which time 1000 km2 of Mu Us Sandy Land and 200 km2 of the Kubuqi Desert were greened. The wind and sand control functions of large trees are manifested in three aspects: (1) covering the ground surface to protect from wind action, (2) reducing windspeed up to a certain height from the ground surface and prevent wind erosion at the ground surface, and (3) blocking the movement of flying sand particles to promote their deposition, and further, the roots can bind sand particles and stabilize sandy ground (Fig. 15.2). In addition, matter production by photosynthesis improves the soil fertility by supplying litter (fallen leaves and dead branches) to the soil. The growth of artificially restored vegetation is faster than the natural restoration rate, so artificial restoration works aimed at vegetation recovery can improve the soil nutrient status more quickly. By selecting the right species for the right site, adapting to the local moisture condition, as in the case of the Three-North Shelterbelt Development Program, it is possible to create forestland with a wider area and more extensive spread than rows of windbreaks (Fig. 15.4).