Four major sandy lands and eight major deserts of China are distributed in the northwest, northeast, and north-central regions of China (the Three North Regions). China is one of countries most severely affected by desertification in the world. Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, a series of important policy measures have been taken for the restoration and management of the ecological environment of sandy lands and deserts, such as the enactment of the “Sand Prevention and Control Law” and the formulation of the “National Sand Prevention and Control Plan.” These measures launched several important restoration programs for desertification/land degradation, such as Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Program, Three-North Shelterbelt Development Program, Natural Forest Protection Program, and Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program.