Extractive metallurgy deals with the extraction of pure metals or alloys, from ore concentrates obtained through mineralogical processing. This chapter provides a brief overview of the different types of extractive metallurgical processes including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, biometallurgy, and newly emerging plasmametallurgy. The benefits and challenges associated with each method are described. Finally, the scope and potential of additive manufacturing in each branch of extractive metallurgy is envisaged. Capitalizing on the capability to manufacture advanced materials in customized and sophisticated designs, additive manufacturing can positively impact the sustainability of critical mineral extraction through the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, improvement in energy efficiencies, equipment lifetimes, and development of innovative processes and technologies.