In wireless communication, adversarial jamming seeks to render messages incomprehensible for legitimate parties, friendly jamming aims to protect communication from illegitimate eavesdroppers. In both cases, it is crucial to understand if jammed signals may be recovered, either as a defensive or an offensive measure. The prevailing assumption is that effective signal recovery requires at least as many antennas as data sender and jammer, who use separate antennas, have in total. We challenge this convention by showing that the effects of jamming can be effectively neutralized using only one antenna when Binary Phase-Shift Keying modulation is used which is a mandatory modulation as per the IEEE \(802.15.4\) specification (the basis for Zigbee or WirelessHART among others). Our work builds on detailed simulation and practical experiments. In simulations, Bit Recovery Rates (BRRs) are mostly near 0.90; in over-the-air tests with a 15 dB stronger jamming signal, the average BRR is 0.70. Promising results of a follow-up experiment with a communication distance of 10 m underscore our method’s feasibility in the real-world. Our code and data are publicly available for transparency and to enable replicability.

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One Antenna is Enough for Neutralizing Jamming in IEEE 802.15.4 BPSK

  • Christian Müller,
  • Vasily Mikhalev,
  • Yves T. Staudenmaier,
  • Frederik Armknecht

摘要

In wireless communication, adversarial jamming seeks to render messages incomprehensible for legitimate parties, friendly jamming aims to protect communication from illegitimate eavesdroppers. In both cases, it is crucial to understand if jammed signals may be recovered, either as a defensive or an offensive measure. The prevailing assumption is that effective signal recovery requires at least as many antennas as data sender and jammer, who use separate antennas, have in total. We challenge this convention by showing that the effects of jamming can be effectively neutralized using only one antenna when Binary Phase-Shift Keying modulation is used which is a mandatory modulation as per the IEEE \(802.15.4\) specification (the basis for Zigbee or WirelessHART among others). Our work builds on detailed simulation and practical experiments. In simulations, Bit Recovery Rates (BRRs) are mostly near 0.90; in over-the-air tests with a 15 dB stronger jamming signal, the average BRR is 0.70. Promising results of a follow-up experiment with a communication distance of 10 m underscore our method’s feasibility in the real-world. Our code and data are publicly available for transparency and to enable replicability.