This chapter explores the often-misunderstood literature of Ibn Taymiyyah, a prominent medieval Islamic scholar, and the inaccurate association of his teachings with extremism and terrorism. Ibn Taymiyyah’s theological and jurisprudential contributions have been widely studied and discussed throughout Islamic history, but in recent times, he has been held responsible for the rise of extremist ideologies within Islam, particularly those of the Khawarij. This chapter delves into the literature of Ibn Taymiyyah to offer a comprehensive insight into his ideas, while also drawing comparisons with the contemporary literature of the modern day Khawarij. It argues that Ibn Taymiyyah’s teachings, when properly contextualized, do not support extremist actions, including those advocated by the modern-day Khawarij. In fact, his literature explicitly opposes the way of the Khawarij, who are known for their extremist and violent tendencies. By delving into key aspects of Ibn Taymiyyah’s writings, such as his views on jihad, this chapter challenges the misinterpretations that have linked his name to the modern-day Khawarij and it emphasizes the danger of reducing complex and multifaceted theological discussions to simplistic labels. The chapter concludes by highlighting the need for a more informed and nuanced research surrounding Islamic history, theology, and important figures such as Ibn Taymiyyah.