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This chapter traces the transformation of Kazakhstan’s welfare state, with particular attention to the reforms launched after the January 2022 unrest. It argues that these measures, though framed as a response to inequality and social discontent, represent an evolutionary continuation of earlier policy trajectories rather than a revolutionary departure. Welfare policy remains dominated by a productivist logic that prioritizes growth, productivity, and employment over structural redistribution, reflecting strong continuity between the late Nazarbayev era and Tokayev’s presidency. The chapter situates this trajectory within a comparative perspective and assesses the limits of recent reforms in advancing social justice.

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Kazakhstan’s Welfare Reforms After January 2022: Between Productivism and Social Justice

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Elena Maltseva

摘要

This chapter traces the transformation of Kazakhstan’s welfare state, with particular attention to the reforms launched after the January 2022 unrest. It argues that these measures, though framed as a response to inequality and social discontent, represent an evolutionary continuation of earlier policy trajectories rather than a revolutionary departure. Welfare policy remains dominated by a productivist logic that prioritizes growth, productivity, and employment over structural redistribution, reflecting strong continuity between the late Nazarbayev era and Tokayev’s presidency. The chapter situates this trajectory within a comparative perspective and assesses the limits of recent reforms in advancing social justice.