The Passage of Time
摘要
The purpose of this chapter is to explain how the unification of sensory content through adumbration described in the previous chapter can actually be explained within our awareness of time. The starting point here is that objective time, as measured by clocks, is initially excluded from the analysis of intentionality. Instead, we clarify what constitutes intentionality of time as an experience of consciousness that is immediately given to our consciousness. For example, we rigorously examine whether the sequence of successive knocking sounds, such as “knock, knock, knock,” is directly captured in present consciousness without the use of a clock, through the unique intentionality known as “retention.” Subsequently, using numerous examples from everyday life, intentionality, known as “protention,” which also belongs to present consciousness, is clearly described as an unconscious anticipation that does not enter consciousness. This shows that the consciousness of the “now” that we experience every day is never a mathematically conceived point in time, but rather a “living present” that simultaneously contains both retention—the consciousness of the original meaning of the past as “just passed”—and protention—focused on the original meaning of the future as “just expected.” Awareness of the past through remembering presupposes this original meaning of the past through retention, while awareness of the future through expectation presupposes this original meaning of the future through protention.