The Majapahit Kingdom was a powerful empire with a formidable maritime fleet that conquered many large and small kingdoms across the archipelago, including in the eastern, western, southern, and northern regions. Among the territories it incorporated was the Kingdom of Bali, which had previously maintained its sovereignty and relations with other Javanese kingdoms. Bali fell under Majapahit control in 1343 AD. This research examines changes in bureaucracy and religion in Bali following the Majapahit conquest during the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. Employing a qualitative approach and epigraphic analysis, data were obtained through observation, reading, recording, and translating eight inscriptions dating from the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that, following the Majapahit expedition, the bureaucracy in Bali adopted the governmental structure and royal hierarchy of Majapahit, with the king and ruling elite originating from Majapahit. In terms of religious life, while ancestor worship persisted, the Balinese also came to venerate both Buddhist and Hindu deities. Despite being conquered by Majapahit, the core religious practices of the ancient Balinese were largely preserved.

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Bureaucracy and Religion in Bali Post the Majapahit Expedition of the Fourteenth-Fifteenth Centuries

  • I Gusti Made Suarbhawa,
  • I Nyoman Rema,
  • I Made Satyananda,
  • I Gusti Ngurah Jayanti,
  • I Ketut Sudharma Putra

摘要

The Majapahit Kingdom was a powerful empire with a formidable maritime fleet that conquered many large and small kingdoms across the archipelago, including in the eastern, western, southern, and northern regions. Among the territories it incorporated was the Kingdom of Bali, which had previously maintained its sovereignty and relations with other Javanese kingdoms. Bali fell under Majapahit control in 1343 AD. This research examines changes in bureaucracy and religion in Bali following the Majapahit conquest during the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. Employing a qualitative approach and epigraphic analysis, data were obtained through observation, reading, recording, and translating eight inscriptions dating from the fourteenth-fifteenth centuries. The collected data were then analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The findings reveal that, following the Majapahit expedition, the bureaucracy in Bali adopted the governmental structure and royal hierarchy of Majapahit, with the king and ruling elite originating from Majapahit. In terms of religious life, while ancestor worship persisted, the Balinese also came to venerate both Buddhist and Hindu deities. Despite being conquered by Majapahit, the core religious practices of the ancient Balinese were largely preserved.