The North Slope area of Mount Muria features a characteristic landscape ranging from lowlands to mountainous regions and holds the potential for diverse archaeological remains. Comprehensive research on past activities in the region is limited. Research conducted between 2016 and 2021 yielded several archaeological findings namely temple structures, figurines, stone pools, inscriptions, miniature temples, and terracotta figurines. Monumental remains in the form of terraced or stepped structures, which are highly distinctive, are similar to archaeological remains found on Mount Penganggungan, Bromo, Arjuna, Lawu, and Mount Wilis. The similarity is further supported by the reading and paleography results of the Angin Temple and Joolong inscriptions which indicate a timeframe spanning the late Thirteen to fourteenth centuries. One exciting aspect of the findings is the presence of figurines and miniature terracotta temples on the slopes of Mount Muria, which were characteristic of similar findings at Majapahit-period sites, especially the Trowulan Site. Artefactual findings around the North Slope of Mount Muria, combined with the 13th to 14th-century relative chronology, suggest a significant influence of the Majapahit civilization in this region. The similarity in archaeological remains between the North slope of Mount Muria and those on Mount Penanggungan, Bromo, Arjuna, Lawu, Wilis, and also the Trowulan Site further strengthens this hypothesis. The presence of remnants of Majapahit civilization on the North Slope of Mount Muria is particularly intriguing because, spatially Mount Muria’s location on the North Coast of Java is relatively distant from the center of Majapahit civilization. Investigating the emergence of Majapahit’s influence on the archaeological remains on the North Slope of Mount Muria, through descriptive comparative analysis and data of Majapahit-period artifacts found in mountainous areas and lowlands, this study confirms that Majapahit influenced archaeological remains on the North Slope of Mount Muria. These findings demonstrate that the influence of the Majapahit civilization, particularly in terms of culture, extended to the mountainous region on the North Coast of Java Island.

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Traces of Majapahit Civilization on the Northern Slope of Mount Muria

  • Hery Priswanto,
  • Sugeng Riyanto,
  • Retno Purwanti,
  • Endang Widyastuti,
  • Khairil Anwar

摘要

The North Slope area of Mount Muria features a characteristic landscape ranging from lowlands to mountainous regions and holds the potential for diverse archaeological remains. Comprehensive research on past activities in the region is limited. Research conducted between 2016 and 2021 yielded several archaeological findings namely temple structures, figurines, stone pools, inscriptions, miniature temples, and terracotta figurines. Monumental remains in the form of terraced or stepped structures, which are highly distinctive, are similar to archaeological remains found on Mount Penganggungan, Bromo, Arjuna, Lawu, and Mount Wilis. The similarity is further supported by the reading and paleography results of the Angin Temple and Joolong inscriptions which indicate a timeframe spanning the late Thirteen to fourteenth centuries. One exciting aspect of the findings is the presence of figurines and miniature terracotta temples on the slopes of Mount Muria, which were characteristic of similar findings at Majapahit-period sites, especially the Trowulan Site. Artefactual findings around the North Slope of Mount Muria, combined with the 13th to 14th-century relative chronology, suggest a significant influence of the Majapahit civilization in this region. The similarity in archaeological remains between the North slope of Mount Muria and those on Mount Penanggungan, Bromo, Arjuna, Lawu, Wilis, and also the Trowulan Site further strengthens this hypothesis. The presence of remnants of Majapahit civilization on the North Slope of Mount Muria is particularly intriguing because, spatially Mount Muria’s location on the North Coast of Java is relatively distant from the center of Majapahit civilization. Investigating the emergence of Majapahit’s influence on the archaeological remains on the North Slope of Mount Muria, through descriptive comparative analysis and data of Majapahit-period artifacts found in mountainous areas and lowlands, this study confirms that Majapahit influenced archaeological remains on the North Slope of Mount Muria. These findings demonstrate that the influence of the Majapahit civilization, particularly in terms of culture, extended to the mountainous region on the North Coast of Java Island.