This study investigates the existence, morphology, and manufacturing technology of ancient wells from the Majapahit era discovered at the Trowulan site. Drawing from archaeological surveys, field observations, and archival research, the analysis covers 106 wells across 12 locations. The wells—comprising both brick and jobong (earthenware) constructions—reveal a high degree of technical skill and standardization, indicating a developed industry of well-making essential to meeting everyday needs for clean water in a dense settlement environment. Examination of material sources, layer arrangements, and construction techniques suggests that Majapahit well-builders possessed detailed knowledge of local groundwater conditions and adapted their methods accordingly. The findings also clarify that these ancient wells once stood on soil surfaces up to four meters higher than today’s ground level. Some wells remain in use, demonstrating the enduring legacy of Majapahit-era infrastructure and environmental management. Beyond archaeological curiosity, this research provides valuable insights into the socio-economic and technological sophistication of Majapahit communities and enhances our broader understanding of past water resource utilization, settlement patterns, and cultural continuity at Trowulan.

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The Ancient Wells from the Majapahit Era at the Site of Trowulan

  • Yusmaini Eriawati,
  • Dimas Nugroho,
  • M. Fadhlan S. Intan,
  • Atina Winaya,
  • Frandus

摘要

This study investigates the existence, morphology, and manufacturing technology of ancient wells from the Majapahit era discovered at the Trowulan site. Drawing from archaeological surveys, field observations, and archival research, the analysis covers 106 wells across 12 locations. The wells—comprising both brick and jobong (earthenware) constructions—reveal a high degree of technical skill and standardization, indicating a developed industry of well-making essential to meeting everyday needs for clean water in a dense settlement environment. Examination of material sources, layer arrangements, and construction techniques suggests that Majapahit well-builders possessed detailed knowledge of local groundwater conditions and adapted their methods accordingly. The findings also clarify that these ancient wells once stood on soil surfaces up to four meters higher than today’s ground level. Some wells remain in use, demonstrating the enduring legacy of Majapahit-era infrastructure and environmental management. Beyond archaeological curiosity, this research provides valuable insights into the socio-economic and technological sophistication of Majapahit communities and enhances our broader understanding of past water resource utilization, settlement patterns, and cultural continuity at Trowulan.