Over the years, China’s maintenance and repair strategies for electrified railway traction power supply equipment and systems have typically borrowed models from power systems or drawn on experiences from conventional railway operations. This approach has resulted in outdated maintenance philosophies, a lack of sophisticated repair theories, and stagnant maintenance technologies. Consequently, on-site maintenance work has failed to adapt effectively to the operational characteristics of high-speed railways. It has been challenging to tailor maintenance activities to the specific service environments of traction power supply equipment or to address the considerable challenges presented by the transition to full operational maintenance phases for large-scale, network-based high-speed railway lines globally. The deficiencies in determining operating statuses, handling faults, or the modes of maintenance and repair within traction power supply systems and equipment contribute to these issues.