In recent years, China’s high-speed railway has experienced rapid development. By the end of 2019, the operational mileage of high-speed railways in China surpassed 35,000 km, representing over 70% of the global high-speed railway mileage and securing the top position worldwide. In response to the fast-paced domestic growth of high-speed railways, the State Council approved the revised Medium-and Long-Term Railway Network Plan in July 2016. This plan outlines milestones for the expansion of China’s high-speed railway network: reaching 30,000 km by 2020, extending to 38,000 km by 2025, and eventually exceeding 45,000 km, more than doubling the current operational mileage. The vision aims to construct a modern high-speed railway network featuring the eight vertical and eight horizontal main routes, coupled with interwoven regional connecting lines and a comprehensive integration of intercity railways.