This study explores the coupling coordination mechanism of vocational-technical integration talent cultivation driven by digital transformation. Using an indicator system covering higher vocational education, technical education, and digital transformation subsystems, we employ the entropy method and coupling coordination degree model to examine their relationships. Results show that digital transformation significantly promotes coupling coordination (coefficient: 0.391–0.432, p < 0.01), with technical resource sharing serving as a key mediator accounting for 48% of the total effect. The coordination degree improved from 0.556 (2015) to 0.749 (2024), transitioning from primary to intermediate coordination levels. However, development remains constrained by institutional barriers, uneven resource allocation, and inconsistent evaluation standards. Economic development level, industrial structure, and internet penetration significantly moderate digital transformation effects. The findings provide quantitative evidence for constructing high-quality integrated vocational education systems and offer policy recommendations for educational digitalization strategies.