The undergraduate mentorship system is a new initiative designed to provide personalized mentoring beyond regular coursework, fostering students’ critical thinking and innovative capabilities. This study takes the pilot implementation of the mentorship program in the Transportation major at Wuhan University of Technology as a case. Through questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis, it systematically evaluates the mentorship process and its effectiveness under the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) framework. Based on the findings, the study summarizes practical experiences, identifies existing challenges, and proposes optimization strategies for talent cultivation through mentorship. The results are intended to serve as a reference for implementing similar programs in other engineering disciplines.