Neuroprotection remains a critical yet contentious area in neurological research, with ongoing debates about the efficacy and timing of various interventions. Targeted temperature management (TTM), the use of corticosteroids in traumatic brain injury (TBI), the choice of hypertonic saline (HS) vs. mannitol, the management of blood pressure (BP) targets, and neuroprotection in stroke are some of the ongoing and evolving practices that are being refined into recommendations and guidelines. Prophylactic anticonvulsant use, the role of statins in acute brain injury, glycemic control, depth of anesthesia, remote ischemic preconditioning, the use of biomarkers, the role of sedatives and anesthetic agents, pediatric TBI neuroprotection, timing, duration, and combination therapy in neuroprotection highlight the complexity and the iterative progress of neuroprotection being translated into clinical practice. Neuroprotection holds significant promise, yet addressing these issues requires a multifaceted approach, including rigorous clinical trials, advanced biomarker research, and a deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. Only through such comprehensive efforts can we hope to unlock the full potential of neuroprotective therapies and improve outcomes for patients with neurological conditions.