The tensile test of composite structural parts was monitored by acoustic emission technology, the damage process was monitored, and the acoustic emission characteristics at different stages of the damage process of composite specimens were studied. The test piece is a T-shaped structure test piece commonly used in aircraft structure. The acoustic emission signal parameters collected in the test, such as impact number, event number, amplitude, and duration, are analyzed by parameter analysis method, positioning, and trend analysis. Through the analysis, the acoustic emission signal characteristics of matrix cracking, delamination, fiber fracture, and other damage processes in the tensile process of composite structure t-element are obtained. It provides technical support for acoustic emission technology to accurately evaluate the damage types of composites under tensile load.