The air transport industry is a primary means of transport, given numerous interests to the travel business and society, such as employment, volunteering or investment in facilities for individuals. Nowadays, this industry has a momentous impact on social, economic and natural environments. Regarding the outcomes of its growth, organizations in the industry both minimize their negative contributions to climate change (such as carbon dioxide emissions, air and noise pollution) and also maximize their positive image and brand in societies. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) carries the fundamental motivations such as financial benefits, regulatory environment (predicting future competition, etc.), stakeholder pressure and brand development. Hence, airlines, airport operations and other organizations in the industry have a keen interest in the concept of CSR, contributing to their social behaviour. The definition of social responsibility comprises, via questioning: Do organizations’ responses go beyond economic and legal concerns? What is the social area, and in which organizations have a responsibility? That received considerable attention, Carroll’s CSR model consists of economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. Although CSR is important for aviation, although it has different definitions, it is generally defined as balancing the social, environmental and economic impact of organizations in a global environment by current stakeholders, shareholders and new international legislation. In applications of CSR, organizations should consist of the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary categories of an organization’s performance. These four categories are not jointly exclusive, nor are they intended to describe a continuum with economic and social affairs. That is why they are neither cumulative nor additive. Airlines, airport operations and other companies and organizations in the air transport industry try to engage with key stakeholders such as local communities, authorities, suppliers and the government. Participation in joint activities that ensure sustainability gains importance. Organizations in the air transport industry concentrate their CSR activities on environmental, social and economic responsibilities such as employee well-being and engagement, diversity and social equity and economic prosperity. There are several strategies that airlines and airport companies employ to mitigate environmental, social and economic impacts in a sustainable market. The aftereffect of CSR activities is a commitment to customer perceptions and other significant values, such as building customer trust and loyalty. There are remarkable examples of airlines that apply CSR in the air transport industry. In addition to airlines, airports have also started to implement CSR. The transformation of airport business models into modern enterprises has enabled them to shift from a technical to a commercial perspective. The roles of airports are no longer simply a presentation of infrastructure; they have become a means of meeting their users’ needs, leading to the implementation of CSR at airports. Commercial perspectives encompass addressing the needs and expectations of all stakeholders, including social processes, economic growth, corporate governance and finance, green airport and environmental management, service quality, employee and work environment management, safety and security. In this chapter, the aim is to reveal the strategic CSR process and the trend of strategic CSR in the air transport industry. Firstly, the conceptual framework of CSR in the air transport industry will be presented, and then CSR applications of airlines and airport operations will be examined in the following sections.